面部年轻化手术如何改善皮肤老化
Featured Expert:
自然衰老的过程会对身体的每个部位造成伤害，包括皮肤. From forehead wrinkles to under-eye hollows, 面部皮肤老化是许多人普遍关心的问题. Kofi Boahene, M.D., director of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery at Johns Hopkins Medicine, 解释你的皮肤是如何老化的，哪些面部年轻化程序可能适合你.
What are the signs of an aging face?
Every person’s face ages differently, 但有迹象表明，面部皮肤正在失去一些紧致性和弹性. “A youthful face has certain characteristics,” explains Boahene, “including a defined neck and jawline, firm skin, high brows, short eyelids and an egg-like shape.”
衰老通常始于眼睑和眼睛周围. The skin around the eyes is the thinnest in the face. 随着年龄的增长，你可能会注意到黑眼圈和眼袋，导致眼睛看起来凹陷. Some people also develop puffiness beneath the eyes, 下垂或多余的眼睑皮肤或眼角细小的皱纹(鱼尾纹).
脸上的脂肪也开始向下移动，尤其是在脸颊，Boahene说. 鼻子、脸颊和下巴周围的皮肤可能看起来下垂. 许多人会出现皱纹、线条和褶皱，包括嘴唇上方或周围的深皱纹. 然后，下巴和脖子周围的脂肪向下移动，人们就有了“下颚”.”
Other common signs of an aging face include:
- 脸部轮廓的变化(下半身变宽，脸变方)
- Dull skin texture
- Larger pores
- Less definition
- Pigment changes (skin discoloration)
How does the skin age?
皮肤有三层:表皮、真皮层和皮下皮层. 大多数与年龄有关的皮肤变化涉及真皮层，即皮肤的中间层. 真皮层含有许多使皮肤紧致光滑的物质, such as collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid. 在35岁左右，我们开始失去这些物质，皮肤变得松弛.
皮肤下还有一层脂肪叫做皮下脂肪, which gives your face volume and definition. As the skin loses collagen, elastin and other substances that keep it firm, the fat pads around the eyelids, cheeks, temples and chin shift downward. 结果，脸部失去了轮廓，开始出现皱纹，皱纹和松弛的皮肤开始形成.
有什么方法可以改善衰老的脸吗?
你可以用很多方法来改善衰老的脸，包括非手术和手术. 面部年轻化的一些最常见的目标包括:
- Restore volume and face contour
- Reduce the appearance of under-eye wrinkles and hollows
- Correct forehead wrinkles and sagging brows
- Tighten sagging skin around the neck and jaw
- Correct pigmentary changes
Achieving a Natural-Looking Facelift
Restore Volume and Face Contour
Dermal fillers 最常见的非手术治疗方法是什么, 使面部皮肤更紧致，减少皱纹. Fillers typically contain collagen or hyaluronic acid, 这两种物质对年轻皮肤很重要. 这两种填充物的效果都是暂时的，但都是快速的手术. “对于那些想要解决皮肤衰老早期迹象的人来说，注射和填充剂是很好的第一步, such as fine lines or mildly sagging skin,” explains Boahene.
Facial fat grafting, or a fat transfer, 是解决皮肤下垂和面部体积减少的更持久的方法吗. 外科医生从你身体的其他部位(通常是腹部或大腿)取出脂肪，然后注射到你脸上的特定部位.
There are two types of fat transfers:
- Microfat grafting 使用脂肪来丰盈脸颊、前额和嘴唇等脸部区域.
- Nanofat grafting 包括进一步处理微脂肪以用于更有针对性的皮肤问题，例如:
- Improving skin texture
- Minimizing dark circles
- Reducing fine lines
- Reducing the appearance of acne scars
- Upper eyelid surgery repairs loose, sagging skin over the eyes. This can usually be performed under local anesthesia.
- Lower eyelid surgery improves drooping lower eyelids, reduces puffiness and bags under the eyes, and tightens excess skin and smooths wrinkles.
Reduce the Appearance of Under-Eye Wrinkles and Hollows
纳米脂肪注射可以帮助改善眼周细小皱纹的外观, under-eye hollows and sunken eyes. 但是对于松弛的皮肤或眼睛周围的浮肿，你可能需要做眼睑手术.
Also called an eyelid lift (眼睑成形术)或眼睑再生，这种手术有助于重新定义眼睛的形状. 这个手术可以解决上眼睑、下眼睑或两者的问题。
Blepharoplasty (Eyelid Surgery) | Q&A
Correct Forehead Wrinkles and Drooping Brows
一些针剂可以抚平额头上的皱纹，减少眉毛之间的皱纹. “这些治疗方法可能适用于那些有动态皱纹的人——由面部表情引起的细皱纹,” Boahene says. “But once the wrinkles become static, or etched deeply into your skin, 你可能需要考虑真皮填充物或微脂肪移植来填充它们.”
Injectables and fillers can’t correct a droopy brow. An eyebrow lift 有没有一种更有效、更持久的方法来纠正眉毛下垂. Also called a forehead lift, 提眉可以去除多余的脂肪，紧致眉毛和前额的皮肤和肌肉组织.
Tighten Sagging Skin Around the Neck and Jaw
最有效的治疗方法是紧致下巴和颈部周围的皮肤, reducing the look of jowls, is neck lift surgery. A neck lift creates a smoother, firmer jawline. 它可以恢复面部轮廓，而不会使面部过于紧绷或使其看起来拉起来. A neck lift:
- Removes excess fat in the lower face and under the chin
- Tightens loose neck skin
- Minimizes deep smile lines
Achieving a Natural-Looking Neck Lift
Correct Pigmentary Changes
皮肤变色可以用有效的护肤品来纠正, chemical peels or laser treatment.
整容手术后如何保持年轻的面容?
After a cosmetic procedure, it’s important to:
- Stay out of the sun: 使用spf30或更高的防晒霜来保护你的脸免受阳光照射, sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats when you are outside.
- Establish a skin care routine: Use face products with antioxidants, such as vitamin C. 抗氧化剂有助于清除损害皮肤的自由基. 按照说明使用产品，确保产品被最大限度地吸收.
- Get touch-ups as recommended by your doctor: 有些人在面部年轻化手术后需要补肤. 和你的医生讨论一下你的面部年轻化手术的效果会持续多久，以及什么时候考虑补肤.
